Fuel and emissions systems play a pivotal role in the operation of internal combustion engines, affecting both performance and environmental impact. These systems manage the delivery of fuel to the engine and control the release of exhaust emissions. Fuel injection systems have largely replaced carburetors, providing more precise fuel metering and reducing waste. Advanced electronic controls optimize fuel-air ratios for efficiency and emissions reduction. Emissions control technologies, including catalytic converters and exhaust gas recirculation, help minimize harmful pollutants like carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. The development of alternative fuels, such as electric power and hydrogen, further aims to mitigate environmental impacts and transition towards cleaner transportation systems.